Could you please elaborate to a less mathematically inclined dev how to spot a problem the would fit the bill and then how to use this encyclopedia properly?
It's one of these things I seem to have been born blind towards.
Well, the last time it helped me was as a "reverse lookup" for math knowledge I never got the "right" way through education.
For example, one of the Google-Foobar puzzles involves how many ways you can order a line of different-height elements so that only a certain number are "visible" if you stood at one end of the line or the other.
First I tried to figure out how I would solve it for small numbers by hand, creating a spreadsheet of inputs. At one point, I got a grid of numbers where the "simpler" rows/columns had a sequence like 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 6, 11, 6, which, through random googling and OEIS turned out to be "Unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind"
Alas, I'm still no math-major... the comments in my solution contain: "I'm extremely proud of this boiled-down end-result... except that I'm not sure I can fully explain why it works."
I've used it often to solve IBM's Ponder This puzzles. A dirty way to solve a puzzle is often to get a few values manually. These often are fractions, so there is a bit of an art in adjusting numerator and denominator so that the numerator sequence and denominator sequence both look somewhat regular. Then you look up those sequences in OEIS.
It's one of these things I seem to have been born blind towards.