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I've always wondered about this, and one of the ideas I've been playing with my head is the distributing the keys between a few people, and if something were to happen, they can combine them to unlock my secret (all the keys must be present)

SECRET xor KEY_A xor KEY_B xor KEY_C xor KEY_D = PUBLIC

This is kind of lame, but the same principle...



What you are looking for is Shamir's Secret Sharing algorithm.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamirs_Secret_Sharing


Interesting, but then if one person loses it, you're out of luck.


If you want to get sophisticated you could use Reed-Solomon encoding to avoid this problem.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed-Solomon_error_correction




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