Can someone verify this with an iOS5 device. On iOS 6.1.3 this doesn't work anymore though. But someone just claimed this on the blog: "I ran a test using my iPhone 5 and a computer I’ve never synced with before. I didn’t need to unlock the phone before getting access to it I don’t believe. I did manage to browse all my mailbox files."
You don't need to sync your device to pair it. This someone may have connected his unlocked device to the computer, which is enough to pair the device. Once a device is paired, the file system can be browsed regardless of lock status.
I have not tested with a new 6.1.3 device yet, but if true, this would be a very serious security regression.