Yes off course, but with the obvious disadvantage that you lose resolution for every filter you add. Then you say let's just increase the pixel count, which means smaller pixel pitch. But then you lose low light sensitivity, have to decrease your lens f/#, so more expensive lenses etc... Which is why it isn't done for commercially / mass market sensors.
I read that as: take a bunch of pictures of a static scene, each with a different filter capturing specific frequency bands individually. Merge afterwards with whatever weights or algorithms you want.
