I think gamification may not be able to directly teach a deep understanding. However, I think it may be able to encourage the development of a work ethic that will help to build a deep understanding.
Anecdotally, my exposure to a constantly available stream of shallow stimulation (reddit, etc.) has decreased my ability to stay focused on initially unrewarding tasks. This seems like an effect that could be captured with a controlled experiment, so I'd love to know if it's been investigated.
