> If you're suggesting that the University of Bologna was secular (not religious) in the 11th century, then that is misleading.
I interpret "religious school" as a school that teaches religion (a 'madrasa' in Islam).
It seems that Al-Qarawiyin was mostly that during most of its history though not only (and it was founded as a mosque):
"Among the subjects taught around this period or shortly after were traditional religious subjects such as the Quran and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and other sciences like grammar, rhetoric, logic, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and geography." [1]
I interpret "religious school" as a school that teaches religion (a 'madrasa' in Islam).
It seems that Al-Qarawiyin was mostly that during most of its history though not only (and it was founded as a mosque):
"Among the subjects taught around this period or shortly after were traditional religious subjects such as the Quran and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and other sciences like grammar, rhetoric, logic, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and geography." [1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin