They do, you're looking for reading around distributed systems topics. Lamport timestamps, a type of logical timestamp, are explained on Wikipedia [1]. You can use these to implement Vector Clocks [2]. I personally learned this by reading papers in undergrad and grad school as I researched in distributed systems, but I hear good things about Steen and Tanenbaum's Distributed Systems [3].
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamport_timestamp
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_clock
[3]: https://www.distributed-systems.net/index.php/books/ds3/