Nice overview! IMHO all countries need e-government services ( with graceful fallbacks for old/technically illiterate/etc. people), and most can probably use X-Road without needing to reinvent the wheel.
> graceful fallbacks for old/technically illiterate/etc. people
That attitude toward offline people should not be so dismissive. Being able to continue operations without relying on the computer systems is a "when" not an "if". Maintaining those fallbacks is good practice to prepare for that situation.
In Denmark ~95% of the population receives all communication from the government on both national and local level electronically. The rest are exempt and receives them using plain old mail.
Why is it a "when" ? Most people are capable of using a computer or a mobile device to access government services, and for them it's much faster and easier ( and of course it also is for the government bureaucracy). The fallbacks should be the exception that works when needed, but digital services should be prioritized.
It has it's own pitfalls, like consent not being a founding design goal, but considering the alternatives it's only five steps forward one step back.
That aside, it would indeed be usable, but the realist in me sees that profit motives will cause a NIH-syndrome-like result. Ten years late since X-road was created and extra ten years late due to reimplementing and five times over the budget.
I have higher hopes that eIDAS and ASIC-E will gain adoption, those could significantly reduce the absolute pain in the ass that is dealing with some parts of Europe and their paper and fax-based bureocracy. (No, a faxed signature or a gas bill is not a valid method of identifying someone)
