> You can use isolated JS scripts, or other approaches like progressively-enhanced web components
How would one use "progressively enchanced" web components? Maybe I misunderstand the intention behind this statement, but web components are either supported or not. There doesn't seem to be some kind of progression.
Given custom elements are pretty widely supported by browsers now, I assume you are referring to js being turned off.
In terms of designing for that situation - you can follow a pattern where your custom element wraps ( <custom-ele><stdelement></></> ) the element you want to enhance. If js is turned off, then the custom element defaults to rendering it's contents....
Yep, that's the ideal approach for decent browsers. A curious caveat is that IE 8 and below will interpret that example HTML as <custom-ele></><stdelement></> (ie. as siblings, not parent and child) and therefore not apply any component-scoped styles. Not ideal.
Of course nobody uses those browsers anymore, the same caveat applies to non-custom HTML5 elements, and the bad behavior has long been preventable with JavaScript [0]. But anyone (else) with an extreme backwards compatibility mindset might consider if they could instead bootstrap from <div class="custom-ele"><stdelement></></> and (if needed and in window) a coordinating MutationObserver.
Do you have any insight on SSH servers that only allow login with public key authentication? Do bots leave immediately when they see that they can't use passwords?
If the bot sees no login / password sequence, there’s no way for it to brute force credentials. If the server only takes ssh keys, that will cause an immediate disconnect. Which is why this setting is best practice when setting up a server when practical: PasswordAuthentication no.
I wish this would be the default. I expose my homelab port 22 directly to the internet. I'm _pretty_ sure I always always always disable password auth but I do worry about it because most distros have an unsafe default.
(A lot of this risk is mitigated by not having login passwords but I definitely have one node where I have a login password, it's an old laptop so I thought I might want to physically log in for local debugging).
I guess the ideal solution here is to run a prober service that attempts logins and alerts if it gets any responses that smell password auth is possible. But no way I have time to set that up.
If you get "Permission denied (password)" back, the server is accepting password auth attempts. If it immediately drops you with "Permission denied (publickey)", you're good.
The tricky part is that sshd_config can be overridden per-user with Match blocks, so ideally you'd probe with a few different usernames. But even a basic probe catches the 90% case of someone forgetting PasswordAuthentication no.
For the laptop with a real login password: you could set PasswordAuthentication no in sshd_config but keep the login password for local console access. Those are independent settings - sshd_config only affects remote SSH, not local login.
When you get a "Permission denied (publickey)." if you try to connect to a server which requires a public key for authentication, it causes your 5 lines to wrongly raise an alarm ... you need to adapt your grep.
One way to solve this it to use a configuration management tool (Puppet / Chef / Salt / Ansible etc.). Alternatively, run NixOS. You apply the setting once and then it's applied to all your machines from that point onwards.
Those general purpose registers will also need to grow to twice their size, once we get our first 128bit CPU architecture. I hope Intel is thinking this through.
That's a ways out. We're not even using all bits in addresses yet. Unless they want hardware pointer tagging a la CHERI there's not going to be a need to increase address sizes, but that doesn't expose the extra bits to the user.
Data registers could be bigger. There's no reason `sizeof int` has to equal `sizeof intptr_t`, many older architectures had separate address & data register sizes. SIMD registers are already a case of that in x86_64.
> There's no reason `sizeof int` has to equal `sizeof intptr_t`
Well, there is no reason `sizeof int` should be 4 on 64-bit platforms except for the historical baggage (which was so heavy for Windows, they couldn't move even long to be 64 bits). But having an int to be a wider type than intptr_t probably wouldn't hurt things (as in, most software would work as-is after simple recompilation).
You can do a lot of pointer tagging in 64 bit pointers. Do we have CPUs with true 64 bit pointers yet? Looks like the Zen 4 is up to 57 bits. IIRC the original x86_64 CPUs were 48 bit addressing and the first Intel CPUs to dabble with larger pointers were actually only 40 bit addressing.
Doubling the number of bits squares the number range that can be stored, so there's a point of diminishing returns.
* Four-bit processors can only count to 15,or from -8 to 7, so their use has been pretty limited. It is very difficult for them to do any math, and they've mostly been used for state machines.
* Eight-bit processors can count to 255, or from -128 to 127, so much more useful math can run in a single instruction, and they can directly address hundreds of bytes of RAM, which is low enough an entire program still often requires paging, but at least a routines can reasonably fit in that range. Very small embedded systems still use 8-bit processors.
* Sixteen-bit processors can count to 65,535, or from -32,768 to 32,767, allowing far more math to work in a single instruction, and a computer can have tens of kilobytes of RAM or ROM without any paging, which was small but not uncommon when sixteen-bit processors initially gain popularity.
* Thirty-two-bit processors can count to 4,294,967,295, or from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, so it's rare to ever need multiple instructions for a single math operation, and a computer can address four gigabytes of RAM, which was far more than enough when thirty-two-bit processors initially gain popularity. The need for more bits in general-purpose computing plateaus at this point.
* Sixty-four-bit processors can count to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615, or from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807, so only special-case calculations need multiple instructions for a single math operation, and a computer can address up to sixteen zettabytes of RAM, which is thousands of times more than current supercomputers use. There's so many bits that programs only rarely perform 64-bit operations, and 64-bit instructions are often performing single-instruction-multiple-data operations that use multiple 8-, 16-, or 32-bit numbers stored in a single register.
We're already at the point where we don't gain a lot from true 64-bit instructions, with the registers being more-so used with vector instructions that store multiple numbers in a single register, so a 128-bit processor is kind of pointless. Sure, we'll keep growing the registers specific to vector instructions, but those are already 512-bits wide on the latest processors, and we don't call them 512-bit processors.
Granted, before 64-bit consumer processors existed, no one would have conceived that simultaneously running a few chat interfaces, like Slack and Discord, while browsing a news web page, could fill up more RAM than a 32-bit processor can address, so software using zettabytes of RAM will likely happen as soon as we can manufacture it, thanks to Wirth's Law (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%27s_law), but until then there's no likely path to 128-bit consumer processors.
Well argued. You do have a point for physical world data. But there are also some digital world constructs that need 128 bits:
- IPv6 addresses
- UUIDs
I don't think it is critical that we get a 128 CPU anytime soon, but it would still be nice if we could handle these values with only one CPU register.
I'd like to argue that Wikipedia also tries to be comprehensive within the limits of relevant topics. And overall, Wikipedia still seems to be going strong.
I'd argue that Wikipedia and its 'sister' projects have accidentally cannibalized a sizeable fraction of the former 'non-commercial, non-business focused' Internet of the 1990s and early 2000s. If you're providing information in a way that's not intended to further some sort of profit motive, it makes sense to work within that large established project because that maximizes the resulting exposure. The rise of LLMs only makes this starker, every LLM is trained from Wikipedia.
> Wikipedia [..] have [..] cannibalized a sizeable fraction of the former 'non-commercial, non-business focused' Internet of the 1990s and early 2000s
Interesting take. Do you mean Wikipedia has cannibalized the traffic to these web sites or do you mean that Wikipedia lead to these web sites going offline altogether?
> Are there technical reasons that Rust took off and D didn't?
My (somewhat outdated) experience is that D feels like a better and more elegant C++. Rust certainly has been influenced by C and C++, but it also took a lot of inspiration from the ML-family of languages and it has a much stronger type system as a consequence.
The climate system in those prehistoric times was in a different stable state. The world that we live in has different ecosystems that are well-adapted to the current stable state and we will likely face a mass-extinction event once the ecological scales tip over.
The problem is also the speed in which the CO2 levels are rising. Such a massive change in such a short geological time is very unusual.
TL;DW: It is important that individuals show that there is a real problem and that they perform actions that address the problem. This demonstrative behaviour leads to social dynamics where more people feel encouraged to perform actions and to drive larger change.
We know there is a real problem, awareness is not the issue. (I've been aware of it since the mid 90's) It is ignored by large industries and governments. The incessant pounding of the useless drum of individual action continues to go absolutely nowhere. We need government and industry to take action not individuals. I will no longer placate this idea that individual action is at all useful.
> The incessant pounding of the useless drum of individual action continues to go absolutely nowhere. We need government and industry to take action not individuals.
It's the incessent pounding of your drum that goes nowhere, of course. Lots of people acting individually is what makes things happen - including in government. They won't act unless people demonstrate they are serious about it.
> I will no longer placate this idea that individual action is at all useful.
The problem is not that individual action is not useful, it’s that governments and companies are actively discouraging it, because every success for climate change is a bad news item. People buying less cars? Climate change win, economic problem. People buying less stuff, consumption down? Huge climate change win, very bad economic news. Even on progressive news outlets they’re doing it.
Here in Europe even before Trump’s second mandate it was clear governments didn’t really want individual action to take off. And it’s even worse now. Because short and mid term it’s a choice between climate and GDP. And western governments and companies are fundamentally incapable of long term action that is painful short term.
I would agree with you, except that the government (eg. in Germany) even battle climate tech when it’s good for the country and the economy. WHO wouldn’t want to be energy independent?
And yet, the Conservative Party in germany once killed the entire solar industry (who then moved to china); and is about to do it again, now! Both times we are losing about 50k jobs in that sector.
The question is: why would they do that, if the economy is oh so important to the conservatives?
That puts recycling on the "I'm helping to spread awareness by temporarily adding a note to my Twitter bio" tier of action. It's better than nothing, but it's only a little better.
I don't agree. Doing something that's makes very little difference makes you feel better, like you've solved the problem, and soothes the urgent need to actually fix the problem. The city gives out recycling cans, and the populace feels confident that the city is doing something, but that takes pressure off of things the city could do that would actually help but are unpalatable, like shutting down the chemical plant pouring stuff into the river, or banning cruise ships.
It does make a difference if lots of people do it. Nothing in the world makes a difference if only one person does it.
> recycling
Because something exists that you don't think makes a significant impact is not evidence that other things don't make an impact. It's an absurd statement to say nothing people do makes an impact - look at almost everything in the world. Look at the Internet, built mostly by self-organizing people and groups.
That dogma does shift power to corporations - then they can claim to be the only ones that can do anything.
It becomes moderately better than nothing when “everyone” (not even close to everyone) does it. And there are some decisions (taking fewer/no flights, no fossil-fueled car, etc) that are a lot more effective than others. Personally I try to do my best! But in general, individual actions are dwarfed by systems bigger than them. Even being able to shun cars is only feasible if you live in a city with good public transport, for instance.
> Policymakers and the public, however, remain largely unaware of the risks posed by such a practically irreversible transition
Most people still underestimate what it means for the earth system to change from the current stable state into another state, which might need many years to become stable again. And that new stable state might be a lot less favourable for us humans.
People really fail to grasp the significance of this part.
One of our most common apocalyptic fantasies lays this out quite well: nuclear annihilation. The common narrative is about the post-apocalyptic world and rebuilding. But this presumes a new normal has been established.
With climate change we will continue to experience more extreme changes at a faster rate over time with no chance of a "new normal" in our lives.
It took hundreds of thousands of years for humans to develop agriculture. It's no coincidence that this development happened during one of the most stable periods of climate the planet has ever seen. People love to wax poetic on human adaptability, but we were effectively playing on "easy" mode.
While the other side of climate change might be a more hostile earth, the transition period will be worse because you can't adapt. In our lifetimes we may live to see a period of record heat waves in Europe, followed by a transition of Europe to that is dramatically colder (and who knows, maybe back again).
The other major problem is as stability decreases so does our ability to predict the future. It's hard to even know what we might be facing in the coming years, but high variance is usually not great for complex life.
It's not that policymakers are unaware. It's that some of them are allergic to true things that they find inconvenient, and have made false premises a pillar of their platform. Calling that "unaware" is giving them too much credit and understanding.
I think it's both. That large shifts on a global scale of everyday things that we take for granted as well as historical differences on a geological time scale are genuinely difficult for non-experts to wrap their heads around.
And also as you say that many politicians are disincentivized to try in the first place.
Thinking this is "bothsidesing" is you contributing to the problem. The Democrats and Republicans have both abandoned scientific rigor on this topic. When either talks about it, it is almost purely an excuse to smuggle in unrelated policy objectives.
A group of politicians can have strong disagreements where none has a grasp on reality. That is where we are with climate change. It is one of the reasons I stopped working on it at a policy level.
I am not suggesting that all politicians on one side are good. I am suggesting that ignoring truth and reality as things that matter is a trait with very strong correlations with political party, and shouldn't be generically chalked up to "politicians" in general.
As Asimov said: "When people thought the Earth was flat, they were wrong. When people thought the Earth was spherical, they were wrong. But if you think that thinking the Earth is spherical is just as wrong as thinking the Earth is flat, then your view is wronger than both of them put together."
Many may also believe that they and the only parts of their con$tituency they care about will be able to avoid the consequences. And some may have come to believe the party line; if you repeat a falsehood often enough as a loyalty test, you may forget that it's a falsehood.
For business trips, the choice is between two hours and two days, and unfortunately my body goes haywire if I don't eat some meat at least a couple of days per week (talking about 200g/300g total though. Not kilos of it).
On the other hand, I'd happily take trains as more high speed lines open in my country, and reduce meat consumption to bare minimum my body can tolerate.
For personal transportation, going fully electric won't be possible due to my circumstances, but I'd happily switch to a hybrid which would convert 75% of my in-city travel to electric (which I'm actively planning to do).
I also work on projects which tries to reduce footprint of data centers and computation, so there's that.
> my body goes haywire if I don't eat some meat at least a couple of days per week
Isn't this just a nutrient deficiency in whatever you were eating instead of meat? Meat is "convenient" because it's high in a wide variety of minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, etc. that your body can't make. (The animals mostly can't make them either but guess what livestock eats.) There are plants that contain each of them, but few if any that contain all of them, and then if you're missing one you're going to have a bad time. So the problem there is almost certainly that you need to eat some different plants than that the thing you were missing is only found in animals.
I can't speak for the OP but it is well-established that there are significant genetic adaptations to the amount of meat in the diet, or a loss of genetic adaptation for metabolizing some plant staples. This is no different than the genetics that cause significant variation in the ability to metabolize legumes, lactose, alcohol, etc. Local optimizations.
There are ethnic populations that have reduced capacity to efficiently metabolize some plant-based diets due to thousands of years of selection pressure (or lack thereof). A diverse plant-based diet won't kill them, they simply lack the enzymes to have a good experience with it because for thousands of years they had little use for those genes.
It is a relatively small population globally, as it tends to coincide with regions that weren't conducive to supporting large populations thousands of years ago. The current distribution has significant overlap with the developed world though.
I have to imagine that someone with meat-adapted genetics is going to suffer quality of life issues on a purely plant-based diet. Everyone has a set of foods like that.
Might be lack of understanding of essential nutrients and associated planning. But also might not be related to that at all. The gut microbiome is impacted by your food choices, varies from person to person, and can have severe impacts on your overall health.
Nope. Some aminoacids and compounds are only present in meat. These aminoacids and compounds are the ones which boosted our brain capacity and allowed us to evolve to that point.
I eat (and like to eat) tons of veggies, yet I feel my brain capacity declines and I crave esp. meat if I don't eat it for a long time (for two weeks or whatnot). As I said, I don't need two ribeye steaks per week. My body is very good at signaling what it needs, and I prefer to listen to it.
What I eat is Mediterranean cuisine 99% of the time, and it's pretty well balanced, yet eliminating meat is not possible for me. So, my diet is not junk food peppered by meat. It's mostly veggies and legumes (beans, lentil, whatnot), peppered with meat. Yet, I need it, and this is something I tested over and over more than two decades.
On the other hand, my wife is completely opposite of me. She can go a month or so without meat. So, not every person is the same, and assuming that every human being works the same is a big mistake made by modern medicine. For example, my brain chemistry is also different and I consume B12 much more than a typical human, so I need to use B-complex supplements more.
Notice that many of the plants high in some of these aren't that common, e.g. what percentage of people regularly eat pumpkin seeds or spirulina?
> So, not every person is the same, and assuming that every human being works the same is a big mistake made by modern medicine.
It's not that you need the same diet as every other person, it's that you have to eat the specific things you need, which a random selection of plants may or may not contain in the right amounts.
> For example, my brain chemistry is also different and I consume B12 much more than a typical human, so I need to use B-complex supplements more.
B12 in particular is a pain because it's only produced by bacteria (commonly found in soil) so the options are unwashed vegetables, meat from animals that eat unwashed vegetables, or supplements. And on top of that because of the way it's absorbed, a B12 pill either has to be taken multiple times a day several hours apart or has to be 100x as much to make up for the absorption rate falling off a cliff after a threshold amount which is below the RDA.
It’s hard to convince people not to eat food and take a plane when billionaires do whatever they like at 1000x the carbon footprint, when millions of people drive to work and when base load power is built on fossil fuels. To me eating protein and taking a plane seem benign.
If the plane doesn't use synthetic fuel that's a political problem that I can't realistically solve as an individual.
The methane from raising animals exists in an overall equilibrium. It isn't extractive and the total magnitude of the effects of that chemical system is comparatively minor.
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